Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Murray EL[original query] |
---|
Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza - California, October 2023-January 2024
Zhu S , Quint J , León TM , Sun M , Li NJ , Tenforde MW , Jain S , Schechter R , Hoover C , Murray EL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (8) 175-179 Surveillance data can provide rapid, within-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates to guide public health recommendations. Mandatory reporting of influenza vaccine administration to California's immunization information registry began January 1, 2023, and mandatory reporting of all influenza laboratory test results, including negative results, was instituted in California on June 15, 2023. These data, collected by the California Department of Public Health during October 1, 2023-January 31, 2024, were used to calculate interim influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza by comparing the odds of vaccination among case-patients (persons who received a positive influenza laboratory test result) and control patients (those who received a negative influenza laboratory test result). VE was calculated as 1 - adjusted odds ratio using mixed-effects logistic regression, with age, race, and ethnicity as fixed effects and specimen collection week and county as random effects. Overall, during October 1, 2023-January 31, 2024, estimated VE was 45% among persons aged ≥6 months, 56% among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years, 48% among adults aged 18-49 years, 36% among those aged 50-64 years, and 30% among those aged ≥65 years. Consistent with some previous influenza seasons, influenza vaccination provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza among infants, children, adolescents, and adults. All persons aged ≥6 months without a contraindication to vaccination should receive annual influenza vaccination to reduce influenza illness, severe influenza, and strain on health care resources. Influenza vaccination remains the best way to prevent influenza. |
Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships - Worldwide, February-March 2020.
Moriarty LF , Plucinski MM , Marston BJ , Kurbatova EV , Knust B , Murray EL , Pesik N , Rose D , Fitter D , Kobayashi M , Toda M , Canty PT , Scheuer T , Halsey ES , Cohen NJ , Stockman L , Wadford DA , Medley AM , Green G , Regan JJ , Tardivel K , White S , Brown C , Morales C , Yen C , Wittry B , Freeland A , Naramore S , Novak RT , Daigle D , Weinberg M , Acosta A , Herzig C , Kapella BK , Jacobson KR , Lamba K , Ishizumi A , Sarisky J , Svendsen E , Blocher T , Wu C , Charles J , Wagner R , Stewart A , Mead PS , Kurylo E , Campbell S , Murray R , Weidle P , Cetron M , Friedman CR . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (12) 347-352 An estimated 30 million passengers are transported on 272 cruise ships worldwide each year* (1). Cruise ships bring diverse populations into proximity for many days, facilitating transmission of respiratory illness (2). SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread worldwide to at least 187 countries and territories. Widespread COVID-19 transmission on cruise ships has been reported as well (3). Passengers on certain cruise ship voyages might be aged >/=65 years, which places them at greater risk for severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection (4). During February-March 2020, COVID-19 outbreaks associated with three cruise ship voyages have caused more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases among passengers and crew, including 10 deaths. Transmission occurred across multiple voyages of several ships. This report describes public health responses to COVID-19 outbreaks on these ships. COVID-19 on cruise ships poses a risk for rapid spread of disease, causing outbreaks in a vulnerable population, and aggressive efforts are required to contain spread. All persons should defer all cruise travel worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Characteristics associated with delivery of an infant with congenital syphilis and missed opportunities for prevention - California, 2012 to 2014
Biswas HH , Chew Ng RA , Murray EL , Chow JM , Stoltey JE , Watt JP , Bauer HM . Sex Transm Dis 2018 45 (7) 435-441 BACKGROUND: Congenital syphilis (CS), the transmission of Treponema pallidum from mother to fetus during pregnancy, can cause adverse birth outcomes. In 2012 to 2014, the CS rate in California increased more than 200% from 6.6 to 20.3 cases per 100,000 live births. Our objectives were to identify characteristics associated with delivering an infant with CS and missed opportunities for prevention among syphilis-infected pregnant women in California. METHODS: We linked California Department of Public Health syphilis surveillance records from women aged 15 to 45 years-diagnosed from March 13, 2012, to December 31, 2014-to birth records. We compared characteristics among mothers who delivered an infant with CS (CS mothers) with mothers who delivered an infant without CS (non-CS mothers) by using chi or Fisher exact tests. To visualize gaps in prevention among syphilis-infected pregnant women, we constructed a CS prevention cascade, a figure that shows steps to prevent CS. RESULTS: During the selected period, 2498 women were diagnosed as having syphilis, and 427 (17%) linked to birth records; 164 (38%) were defined as CS mothers and 263 (62%) as non-CS mothers. Mothers with CS were more likely than non-CS mothers to have their first prenatal care visit in the third trimester. High proportions of mothers in both groups reported high-risk sexual behaviors, methamphetamine use, or incarceration (13%-29%). The CS prevention cascade showed decrements of 5% to 11% in prenatal care receipt, testing, and treatment steps; only 62% of potential CS births were prevented. CONCLUSIONS: Multifaceted efforts are needed to address gaps in the CS prevention cascade and reduce CS cases in California. |
Pregnancy and severe influenza infection in the 2013-2014 influenza season
Louie JK , Salibay CJ , Kang M , Glenn-Finer RE , Murray EL , Jamieson DJ . Obstet Gynecol 2015 125 (1) 184-92 OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum women with influenza infection reported in the 2013-2014 season. METHODS: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) women reported in the 2013-2014 influenza season. RESULTS: From September 29, 2013, through May 17, 2014, 17 pregnant women with severe influenza were reported. The median age was 29 years (range 17-44 years). Sixteen (94%) were in the second or third trimester. Fifteen (88%) patients were hospitalized, nine (53%) required mechanical ventilation, five (29%) required emergent cesarean delivery, and four (24%) died. Of 14 patients with available information, only two (14%) received influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Seven patients who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction also had rapid influenza diagnostic testing performed; only one (14%) had a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test results. Fifteen patients received antiviral treatment; four (27%) began treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. One additional patient was 36 days postpartum and required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation for influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum women; in our series, a majority were not vaccinated. During the influenza season, pregnant women with suspected influenza should receive prompt empiric antiviral therapy, regardless of rapid influenza diagnostic test results or vaccination status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III. |
What are the most sensitive and specific sign and symptom combinations for influenza in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness? Results from western Kenya, January 2007-July 2010
Murray EL , Khagayi S , Ope M , Bigogo G , Ochola R , Muthoka P , Njenga K , Odhiambo F , Burton D , Laserson KF , Breiman RF , Feikin DR , Katz MA . Epidemiol Infect 2012 141 (1) 1-11 SUMMARY: Influenza causes severe illness and deaths, and global surveillance systems use different clinical case definitions to identify patients for diagnostic testing. We used data collected during January 2007-July 2010 at hospital-based influenza surveillance sites in western Kenya to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for eight clinical sign/symptom combinations in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illnesses, including severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) (persons aged 2-59 months: cough or difficulty breathing with an elevated respiratory rate or a danger sign; persons aged 5 years: temperature 38 degrees C, difficulty breathing, and cough or sore throat) and influenza-like illness (ILI) (all ages: temperature 38 degrees C and cough or sore throat). Overall, 4800 persons aged 2 months were tested for influenza; 416 (9%) had laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. The symptom combination of cough with fever (subjective or measured 38 degrees C) had high sensitivity [87.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 83.3-88.9], and ILI had high specificity (70.0%, 95% CI 68.6-71.3). The case definition combining cough and any fever is a simple, sensitive case definition for influenza in hospitalized persons of all age groups, whereas the ILI case definition is the most specific. The SARI case definition did not maximize sensitivity or specificity. |
Cooking fuel type, household ventilation, and the risk of acute lower respiratory illness in urban Bangladeshi children: a longitudinal study
Murray EL , Brondi L , Kleinbaum D , McGowan JE , Van Mels C , Brooks WA , Goswami D , Ryan PB , Klein M , Bridges CB . Indoor Air 2011 22 (2) 132-9 BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children <5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cooking fuel, natural household ventilation, and ALRI. METHODS: During October 17, 2004-September 30, 2005, children <5 years living in a low-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh were assessed weekly for ALRI and surveyed quarterly about biomass fuel use, electric fan ownership, and natural household ventilation (windows, ventilation grates, and presence of a gap between the wall and ceiling). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Six thousand seventy-nine children <5 years enrolled during the study period (99% participation) experienced 1291 ALRI. In the multivariate model, ≥2 windows (OR=0.75, 95% CI=[0.58, 0.96]), ventilation grates (OR=0.80, 95% CI=[0.65, 0.98]), and not owning an electric fan (OR=1.50, 95% CI=[1.21, 1.88]) were associated with ALRI; gap presence and using biomass fuels were not associated with ALRI. CONCLUSIONS: Structural factors that might improve household air circulation and exchange were associated with decreased ALRI risk. Improved natural ventilation might reduce ALRI among children in low-income families. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 13, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure